Calculate beta-hCG doubling time between two blood draws to assess early pregnancy viability.
In a healthy intrauterine pregnancy below ~6 weeks gestation, serum beta-hCG typically doubles every 48–72 hours. After hCG passes ~1,200 mIU/mL, doubling time slows to ~72–96 hours, and beyond 6,000 mIU/mL it can take 96+ hours to double.
Doubling times longer than 72 hours, or hCG rises less than 53% over 48 hours, are associated with non-viable or ectopic pregnancy. However, a single suboptimal rise does not confirm pregnancy failure — ultrasound and serial values are needed. Falling levels usually indicate miscarriage or ectopic.