CO2 needed = Room Volume × (Target − Ambient) / 1,000,000
Plants use CO2 for photosynthesis. Ambient air has ~400 ppm CO2, but many plants grow 20-30% faster at 1200-1500 ppm. Above 1500 ppm, returns diminish; above 2000 ppm can be harmful to plants and humans. CO2 is delivered via compressed tanks, CO2 generators (propane/natural gas burners), or dry ice. A sealed room is essential — exhaust fans remove CO2. CO2 should only be added during the light cycle when photosynthesis occurs. Calculate the room volume, determine the CO2 deficit, and inject that volume. Monitor with a CO2 controller. Temperature and humidity must also be optimized — CO2 enrichment works best at 80-85°F with strong light intensity.